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Peer-reviewed insights on immune biomarkers, protein interactions, and cutting-edge detection methodologies.

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The Tiny Toxin Switch: How the pAP20 Plasmid Turns E. coli into a Cellular Saboteur

Discover how the pAP20 plasmid transforms harmless E. coli into pathogenic bacteria through alpha-hemolysin toxin production.

Emily Perry
Aug 08, 2025

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